Convergence insufficiency with unilateral exophoria at near in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder - a preliminary study
| 1 | Opiekun: prof. dr hab. n. med. D. Dudek, Koło Naukowe Chorób Afektywnych UJ CM |
| 2 | Koło Naukowe Chorób Afektywnych CM UJ |
| 3 | Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. D. Dudek, Zakład Zaburzeń Afektywnych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM |
| 4 | P.o. kierownik: dr n. med. M.W. Pilecki, Oddział Kliniczny Kliniki Psychiatrii Dorosłych Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Adrian A. Chrobak
Opiekun: prof. dr hab. n. med. D. Dudek, Koło Naukowe Chorób Afektywnych UJ CM, Sienkiewicza street 8/12, 30-033 Cracow, Polska
Opiekun: prof. dr hab. n. med. D. Dudek, Koło Naukowe Chorób Afektywnych UJ CM, Sienkiewicza street 8/12, 30-033 Cracow, Polska
Submission date: 2014-06-14
Final revision date: 2014-07-08
Acceptance date: 2014-07-09
Publication date: 2014-12-25
Psychiatr Pol 2014;48(6):1143–1154
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The study describes an abnormal convergence symptom, i.e. unilateral exophoria at near, in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this paper is to present the symptom and discuss its possible explanations.
Methods:
29 patients with SZ, 15 patients with BD and 20 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. The neurological assessment was done with International Co-operative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES).
Results:
The abnormal vergence pattern was observed in 12 patients with SZ, 1 patient with BD and 0 HC. Symptom appeared statistically more often in SZ patients than in BD patients and HC. SZ patients with vergence symptom performed significantly worst in oculomotor and dysarthia subscores of ICARS.
Conclusions:
The symptom can be linked to disruptions in cortico-ponto-cerebellar network and midbrain. It was the only neurological symptom that differed SZ and BD groups, thus it might be used in differential diagnosis. Further research is needed to obtain a full clinical description of the symptom.
The study describes an abnormal convergence symptom, i.e. unilateral exophoria at near, in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this paper is to present the symptom and discuss its possible explanations.
Methods:
29 patients with SZ, 15 patients with BD and 20 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. The neurological assessment was done with International Co-operative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES).
Results:
The abnormal vergence pattern was observed in 12 patients with SZ, 1 patient with BD and 0 HC. Symptom appeared statistically more often in SZ patients than in BD patients and HC. SZ patients with vergence symptom performed significantly worst in oculomotor and dysarthia subscores of ICARS.
Conclusions:
The symptom can be linked to disruptions in cortico-ponto-cerebellar network and midbrain. It was the only neurological symptom that differed SZ and BD groups, thus it might be used in differential diagnosis. Further research is needed to obtain a full clinical description of the symptom.
RELATED ARTICLE
Project no. RCN/SN/0610/2021/1 implemented from 2022 to 2024
Total value of the project: PLN 490 000
Amount funded by the MEiN: PLN 100 000
Aims of the project: Publication in Open Access mode on the Internet of English and Polish language versions of 12 consecutive issues of the journal Psychiatria Polska (years 2022-2024). Modernization and redesign of the journal’s website. Financing of the Editorial System. Copy editing and proofreading of journal issues. Counteracting scientific misinformation. Submission of electronic versions of the journal to the National Digital Library Polona and the Digital Library of Scientific Publications Academica.
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.